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Article History

Received: 7 November 2025

Accepted: 2 February 2026

First Online: 29 March 2026

Declarations

:

: This study did not involve human subjects or interventions. All data used were publicly available tweets collected in accordance with the Twitter Developer Policy. Ethical approval was therefore not required. The research utilised publicly available Twitter data accessed through the Twitter Academic API. No personally identifiable information beyond what is publicly visible on the platform was collected or analysed. The study complies with institutional and journal ethical standards for research involving publicly accessible datasets. Formal ethics committee approval was not required. Potential algorithmic bias and representativeness limitations inherent in Twitter data were considered. As Twitter users do not represent the entire population, findings should be interpreted as indicative rather than exhaustive of public sentiment. Not applicable. This study uses publicly accessible social media data and does not involve direct interaction with human participants.

: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s identifiable data, images, or personal details requiring consent.

: The authors declare no competing interests.