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Authors
Alsubaie, Nahaa E.
El Guma, Fathelrhmn
Musa, Abdelaziz G. M.
Abdali, Hassan Abdulrhman
Awadalla, Maaweya
Alosaimi, Bandar
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Taif University (TU-DSPP-2025-23)
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Article History
Received: 29 October 2025
Accepted: 13 February 2026
First Online: 17 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at King Fahad Medical City (IRB No. 21–088) as well as the Institutional Review Board at King Saud University (IRB No. 21/0455/IRB). All procedures were conducted in accordance with applicable guidelines and regulations and in full compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The IRB granted permission to use human data and informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study, as only unidentifiable data were extracted from the medical records.
: Consent for publication was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study by the IRB.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
