Document is current

Article History

Received: 1 October 2025

Accepted: 2 March 2026

First Online: 7 March 2026

Declarations

:

: This study does not involve clinical trials, therefore, a clinical trial registration number is not applicable. This study is conducted in accordance with the ethical review form and relevant national guidelines to safeguard the rights and welfare of participants. This research was conducted in compliance with ethical guidelines and received approval from the ethics committees of the Jilin International Studies University (JW20250305). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. All participants signed an informed consent form prior to completing the questionnaire or participating in the interview. Before taking part, individuals involved in the questionnaire and interview components were fully informed of the research objectives, procedures, and potential risks. Participants voluntarily agreed to participate with the understanding that their responses would remain confidential and be used solely for academic purposes. Participants were also informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty.

: All authors informed consent to publish. All participants informed consent to publish. All participants gave their consent for anonymised quotations and data to be included in publications resulting from thisstudy. No personally identifable information is disclosed in the manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.