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Authors
Phung, Trung-Nghia
Do, Dinh-Cuong
Nguyen, Toan-Thang
Nguyen, Van-Su
Nguyen, The-Vinh
Le, Dac-Nhuong
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Article History
Received: 24 October 2025
Accepted: 1 April 2026
First Online: 6 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study involved the analysis of anonymized student data and institutional records. The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Scientific Research Ethics Committee of Thai Nguyen University of Information and Communication Technology (ICTU). All methods were performed in accordance with the Regulations on Science and Technology Management promulgated under Decision No. 364/QĐ-ĐHCNTT&TT (10 April 2024) by ICTU and in line with relevant international ethical standards and data-protection principles. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to participation in the study in accordance with institutional ethical guidelines. Participation was voluntary, and all responses were anonymized to ensure confidentiality.
: Informed consent to publish was obtained from all participants for the publication of anonymized data and non identifying study findings in this online open access publication. The manuscript does not include names, facial images, or any other information that could directly identify individual participants.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
