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Authors
Naveed, Muhammad Asif
Asghar, Muhammad Zaheer
Talha,
Riaz, Madiha
Zeshan, Ashi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Oulu
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Article History
Received: 22 September 2025
Accepted: 23 April 2026
First Online: 8 May 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Sargodha, Pakistan.
: Not applicable.
: Informed consent was obtained in two steps. First, participants received an information sheet outlining the study’s purpose, procedures, rights, and data protection measures. They were informed that participation was voluntary, and they could withdraw at any time without penalty. Participants then agreed consent form, confirming their understanding and agreement to participate. The data was anonymized before analysis, and access was restricted to authorized researchers. Verbal informed consent was also obtained.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
