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Article History

Received: 7 March 2026

Accepted: 29 May 2026

First Online: 19 June 2026

Declarations

:

: This study involved experimentation on human subjects and was conducted in accordance with established ethical guidelines, including the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval for the research was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Open University of Catalonia, Barcelona as a host university to implement the intervention. Additionally, the study complies with all applicable regulations and adheres to the ethical standards set by the Open University of Catalonia. The Human Participant Declaration form, as required, has been completed and submitted alongside the manuscript. Informed consent was obtained in two steps. First, participants received an information sheet outlining the study’s purpose, procedures, rights, and data protection measures. They were informed that participation was voluntary, and they could withdraw at any time without penalty. Participants then agreed consent form, confirming their understanding and agreement to participate. The data was anonymized before analysis, and access was restricted to authorized researchers. Verbal informed consent was also obtained.

: The authors confirm that they have read and approved the final version of the manuscript and agree to its publication in this journal.

: The authors declare no competing interests.