Document is current

Article History

Received: 2 April 2026

Accepted: 7 July 2026

First Online: 20 July 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The datasets used in this study are publicly available benchmark financial and textual datasets obtained from Kaggle repositories. No new human data were collected. All data are anonymized and used strictly for academic and research purposes in financial risk prediction. Not applicable. This study does not involve human participants or any direct data collection, as it relies entirely on publicly available financial and sentiment datasets.

Consent for publication: Not applicable. The datasets used contain no personal or identifiable information. All results are presented in aggregated form for research purposes only, ensuring complete anonymity and compliance with ethical research standards.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.