Mai, Elsa L. C.
Lin, Chih-cheng
Lian, Iebin
Liao, Renhao
Chen, Meiling
Chang, Chaokai
Article History
Received: 6 May 2018
Accepted: 22 May 2019
First Online: 29 July 2019
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: Data used in analysis are available upon request to corresponding author.
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. All personal identification numbers in NHIRD used in this study were encrypted by conversion into scrambled numbers before data processing. Because the database used consists of de-identified secondary data released for research purposes, this study was exempt from full review by the Institutional Review Board National Changhua University of Education (No. NCUEREC-103-211).