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Article History

Received: 7 January 2019

Accepted: 10 October 2019

First Online: 29 October 2019

Compliance with ethical standards

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: R. Matsumura and M. Ono declare that they have no conflict of interest. K. Inoue received Grant (Santen, Alcon, Senju, Allergan, Teijin, IQVIA Services JAPAN, Mayo, Eli Lilly Japan), lecture fees (Santen, Otsuka, Senju, Kowa, Allergan, Novartis, Wakamoto), and consultant fees (Santen, Senju, Kowa); M. Shiokawa, lecture fees (Santen, Otsuka); K. Ishida, lecture fees (Alcon, Pfizer, Santen, Senju, Otsuka, Kowa, AMO, Sucampo, GlaxoSmithKline, JFC Sales Plan); G. Tomita, Grant (Alcon, Pfizer, Santen, Senju, TOPCON, Handaya, Kowa, Otsuka, AMO), lecture fees (Pfizer, Santen, Senju, Otsuka, Japan Focus Company), and consultant fees (Allergan Japan); H. Tanihara, Grant (JSPS, Kowa, Santen, Senju, Novartis, Pfizer, Otsuka) and personal fees (Kowa, Santen, Senju, Novartis, Pfizer, Otsuka, Wakamoto, Hoya, Rohto, Glaukos Japan).

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.