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Article History

Received: 4 August 2025

Accepted: 26 October 2025

First Online: 5 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Caroline Havertz has no financial disclosure to declare. Benedikt Schworm has received previous speaker fees of Novartis Pharma. Jacob Siedlecki is part of the advisory board and got honoraria of Novaris Pharma, Abbvie/Pharm-Allergan, Roche, Apellis, Sandoz/Hexal, he is part of the advisory board of Bayer. Wolfgang Wilfert has no financial disclosure to declare. Bernd Northoff has no financial disclosure to declare. Siegfried Priglinger is part of the advisory board and received previous honoraria of Novartis Pharma, Pharm Allergan, Zeiss, Bayer, Bausch and Lomb, Roche, AbbVie, he is a Consulant of BVI Medical, Bausch and Lomb, Roche and AbbVie. Leonie Keidel received previous speaker fees and/or travel expenses from Novartis Pharma, Recordati Rare Diseases Inc., CHIESI, Roche Diagnostics, DORC Holding BV and Santen.

: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was classified as ethically and legally unobjectionable by the ethics committee of the LMU Munich (Identifier: 24-0241). Each patient was informed about participation in the study and gave written consent.

: All patients provided written consent prior to any study-related procedure. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.