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Authors
Zu, Peipei https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7252-3634
Gong, Yizhuo https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9956-3199
Zhang, Xue
Ren, Cong
Wang, Xingrong
Bi, Hongsheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6965-9626
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Article History
Received: 25 August 2025
Accepted: 8 November 2025
First Online: 17 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
: This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Approval Number: HEC-KS-2023002KY) and follows the principles of the Helsinki Declaration and relevant ethical guidelines for clinical research.
: Prior to surgery, all patients or their legal guardians have given written informed consent.
: The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for publication of de-identified data.
