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Article History

Received: 1 October 2025

Accepted: 18 January 2026

First Online: 2 February 2026

Declarations

:

: Authors SR, SD and ASA declare they have no financial interest. TLJ: None relevant to the work conducted. Consultant to 2CTech, Alcon, Dutch Ophthalmic Research Centre, iLumen, Opthea, Outlook Therapeutics, Oxurion, and Regeneron. Conference support from Roche. Free equipment use for non-commercial trials from Zeiss, Oraya and LKC. His National Health Service employer receives site payments for participants recruited to commercial clinical trials, including glaucoma trials. He served on the National Institute of Health and Care Research (NICE) Interventional Procedures Advisory Committee, which advises the National Health Service on the adoption of medical technologies including several glaucoma implants. OK: None relevant to the work conducted. Consultant to Santen, Glaukos, and Sight Sciences and has received educational grants or research funding from Glaukos, Scope Ophthalmic and Thea Pharma. His National Health Service employer receives site payments for participants recruited to commercial and non-commercial clinical trials, including glaucoma trials. SR: None, SD: None, ASA: None.

: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis and did not involve the collection of new, individual patient data. Therefore, institutional review board (IRB) or ethics committee approval and informed consent were not required.