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Authors
Vaddavalli, Rishith
Madkour, Nada
Jishu, Jessan A. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3436-8889
Hussein, Mohammad H.
Abdelghany, Ahmed A.
Abdelmaksoud, Ahmed
Fawzy, Manal S.
Toraih, Eman A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9267-3787
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Northern Border University (NBU-CRP-2025-1442)
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Article History
Received: 9 June 2025
Accepted: 18 January 2026
First Online: 5 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Patient consent was waived since it was retrieved from the public database, which contains de-identified data.
: This study was conducted using de-identified patient data from the TriNetX platform, which adheres to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). As such, no institutional review board approval or patient-informed consent was required.
