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Article History

Received: 8 February 2026

Accepted: 31 March 2026

First Online: 6 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. This study used de-identified routinely collected clinical data and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University (Approval No. 2026ky053). The requirement for informed consent was waived due to the retrospective design and the use of de-identified data.

: Not applicable.