Surico, Pier Luigi
Tsai, Tsung-Hsien
Ma, David Hui-Kang
Chang, Chao Kai
Afflitto, Gabriele Gallo
Lin, Hung-Yu
Pan, Chih-Chin
Perri, Antonio
Di Zazzo, Antonio
Lanzetta, Paolo
Sun, Chi-Chin
Funding for this research was provided by:
Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza
Article History
Received: 2 March 2026
Accepted: 18 April 2026
First Online: 2 May 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: The study adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki for research involving human participants. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (approval number 202401459B0) and, given the retrospective and noninterventional nature of the study, the requirement for written informed consent was waived. All patient data were anonymized prior to analysis to ensure confidentiality.