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Article History

Accepted: 2 December 2024

First Online: 23 December 2024

Declarations

:

: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

: While doing the research, we followed the ethical guidelines of the University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany for data collection, processing, and analysis. Overall, we have focused on the following points- While collecting the data, we followed the data collection policy of Twitter (now X). We collected publicly available data like profile information and Tweets; it is only used for research purposes, without looking at personal details or any commercialization. For the analysis, we have not provided any preference for data from any political party. The data is not considered to be sensitive or confidential in nature; Vulnerable or dependent groups are not included; Following the data-sharing policy of Twitter (now X), we will only share the Tweet ID and our method for the replication to other events or platforms.

: All co-authors have approved the content of the manuscript. All authors have given explicit consent to publish this manuscript. The work described in this manuscript (approximately 9246 words) is original work and prepared for submission to the special issue of the Information Systems Frontiers journal. This manuscript is not under consideration for publication anywhere else.