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Authors
Mohammed, Badiea Abdulkarem
Al-Shareeda, Mahmood A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2358-3785
Manickam, Selvakumar
Al-Mekhlafi, Zeyad Ghaleb
Alanazi, Adwan Alownie
Alrashdi, Reem
Alshammari, Gharbi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia (RG-24 190)
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Article History
Received: 5 May 2023
Accepted: 19 December 2025
First Online: 5 January 2026
Declarations
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: Not applicable. This study did not involve human participants or animals.
: All authors have read and approved the final manuscript and consent to its publication.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
