Li, Fanglian https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4393-7007
Abdullah, Muhamad Ezran Zainal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2102-0636
Tan, Tse Guan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9334-0041
Article History
Received: 23 December 2024
Accepted: 7 December 2025
First Online: 9 January 2026
Declarations
:
: This study did not involve clinical trials or medical procedures involving animals or humans and was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Prior to participation, all respondents were informed of the research purpose and procedures, and provided informed consent. Participation was entirely voluntary, and both anonymity and confidentiality were strictly protected throughout the data collection and analysis process. The research protocol was reviewed and granted exemption from full ethics review by the Institutional Ethics Committee of the School of Design and Innovation, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Textile and Garment.
: All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.