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Authors
Yazid, Siti Nur Akmar Mohd
Saidin, Mohamad Idris
Isa, Illyas Md
Fun, Chin Suk
Romainor, Ain Nadirah
Wardani, Nur Indah
Ahmad, Mohamad Syahrizal
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
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Article History
Received: 17 September 2025
Accepted: 8 December 2025
First Online: 14 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: Not applicable.
