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Authors
Thompson, Erin L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-1125
Lehman, Sarah M.
Adams, Ashley R.
Kaiver, Christine M.
Scarfone, Gabriella V. Rizzo
Gonzalez, Angelica
Hawes, Samuel W.
Scardamalia, Kristin M.
Gonzalez, Raul
Pham, Andy V.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse (U01 DA041156)
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (K01MD018069)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (T32DA043449)
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Article History
Received: 19 May 2025
Accepted: 30 September 2025
First Online: 30 October 2025
Declarations
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: Given the use of publicly available secondary data, the current study did not meet the definition of human subject research. Therefore, IRB approval was not required.
: The authors do not have any conflicts of interests to report.
