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Authors
Sullivan, Sarah R.
Rombola, Christina
Ortin-Peralta, Ana
Carmichael, Cheryl L.
Ford, Jennifer S.
Waseem, Muhammad
Miranda, Regina
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Mental Health (MH 091873)
National Institute of Mental Health (UL1 TR002384)
Kaiser Permanente Center for Gun Violence Research and Education (Center for Gun Violence Research and Education)
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Article History
Received: 9 December 2024
Accepted: 1 October 2025
First Online: 5 November 2025
Declarations
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: Study procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the City University of New York, New York City Health + Hospitals/Lincoln, and the Visiting Nurse Service of New York. All participants provided informed consent/assent prior to study participation.
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to declare.
