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Longitudinal Bidirectional Associations Between Early Adolescents’ Externalizing and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Substance Use Patterns

Published Online: 2026-04-06

Published Print: 2026-04

Authors

Dunn, Courtney B. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9388-7269
Farrell, Albert D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4841-2461
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (5U01CE001956)

National Institute of Justice (2014-CK-BX-0009)

National Institute on Drug Abuse (F31DA057108)
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-04-01

Version of Record valid from 2026-04-01
More Information

Article History

Received: 20 November 2025

Accepted: 10 March 2026

First Online: 6 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The Virginia Commonwealth University Institutional Review Board approved all study procedures in the larger project and approved the use of anonymized data for secondary analysis in the present study.

: Parent/guardian consent and youth assent was obtained.

: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

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