Green, C. Danielle https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1126-6173
Chan, Elizabeth S. M.
Dvorsky, Melissa R.
Baron, Olivia R.
Becker, Stephen P.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD036916)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD039135)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD040421)
Article History
Received: 20 November 2025
Accepted: 31 March 2026
First Online: 11 April 2026
Declarations
:
: The research protocol and consent forms for the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS) were approved by the relevant Institutional Review Boards or Human Subjects Committees at each hospital participating in data collection. Since we used publicly available de-identified datasets, separate ethical approval for our analyses was not required.
: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, or publication of this article.