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Authors
Giuliani, Alessandra https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4199-3611
Sharp, Tamsin
Chideya, Yeukai
Spurgin, Katie
Meiser-Stedman, Richard
Tomlinson, Mark
Halligan, Sarah L.
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Article History
Received: 24 December 2025
Accepted: 15 May 2026
First Online: 11 June 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for the UK studies was obtained from the relevant UK National Health Service (NHS) Research Ethics Committees and affiliated university ethics boards. Ethical approval for the South African study was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee of Stellenbosch University. Written informed consent was obtained from parents or legal guardians, and assent was obtained from children and adolescents prior to participation.
: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest that are directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication.
