Nijhof, Dewy https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4846-3242
Sosenko, Filip https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0557-173X
Mackay, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5381-7098
Fleming, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2185-4502
Jani, Bhautesh D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7348-514X
Pell, Jill P https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8898-7035
Hatton, Chris https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8781-8486
Cairns, Deborah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2626-1554
Henderson, Angela
Ward, Laura McKernan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0880-0662
Rydzewska, Ewelina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9749-3133
Gardani, Maria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0975-5971
Millington, Elliot https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2580-4035
Melville, Craig https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7234-2382
,
Article History
Accepted: 12 April 2025
First Online: 21 May 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: The North-East – Newcastle and North Tyneside 2 research ethics committee provided ethical approval for the CVD-COVID-UK/COVID-IMPACT research programme (REC No 20/NE/0161) to access, within secure trusted research environments, unconsented, whole-population, de-identified data from electronic health records collected as part of patients’ routine healthcare. The need for informed consent was waived by the North-East – Newcastle and North Tyneside 2 research ethics committee. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.