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Elevated Ocular and Visual Disorder Risk in Developmental Disabilities: Insights from Cross-Sectional Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Published Online: 2025-07-31

Authors

Li, Xiaotong

Li, Lihua

Liu, Xiaoxi

Cheng, Zhigang

Zhang, Wei https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4876-5330
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Tianjin Education Commission Research Program Project (2023YXZD03)

Nankai University Institute of Optometric Sciences Program (NKSGZ202302)

Nankai University Institute of Optometric Sciences Program (NKSGP202301)

AIER Group Research Fund Program (AIF2303D03)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-07-31

Version of Record valid from 2025-07-31
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Article History

Accepted: 15 July 2025

First Online: 31 July 2025

Declarations

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: No conflicting relationship exists for any author.

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