Zhang, Xiaodan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9990-4469
Xiao, Yongbei
Cao, Lifang
Xie, Jiao
Jiang, Zheyi
Li, Yamin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8396-5208
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Chinese Nursing Association (ZHKY202306)
the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2023JJ30764)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82371553)
the Health and Family Planning Commission of Hunan Province (20200666)
the Nursing Research Fund of Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (2020-HLKY-39)
Article History
Received: 10 July 2025
Accepted: 22 September 2025
First Online: 23 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.