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Authors
Ma, Jialin
Wang, Xiaojie
Li, Yongxin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Science and technology projects in Henan Province (252102320192)
Henan Province Philosophy and Social Science Education Strong Province Project (2025JYQS0209)
Henan Office of Philosophy and Social Science (2024CJY027)
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Article History
Received: 12 February 2025
Accepted: 6 October 2025
First Online: 8 November 2025
Declarations
:
: There are no conflicts of interest.
: All procedures performed in the study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by Institutional Review Board of Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychology and Behavior.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
