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Authors
de Wit, Melanie M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7318-6155
Sant’Anna Barbosa Ferriera, Pedro
Begeer, Sander https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0572-6893
Abdellaoui, Abdel https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1088-6784
Wagtendonk, Alfred J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6985-4501
Bartels, Meike https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9667-7555
van de Weijer, Margot P. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9720-9481
Polderman, Tinca J. C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5564-301X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
ZonMw (60-63600-98-834)
ZonMw (60-63600-98-834)
ZonMw (60-63600-98-834)
Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Fellowship)
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Article History
Received: 29 April 2025
Accepted: 26 October 2025
First Online: 2 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VCWE 2020-041R1). In addition, the present study is part of the Environment and Genetic Effects on Autism Longitudinal project (EGAL) within the NAR and was approved by the VUMC METC (2021.0705 – NL79422.029.21). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013).
: Informed consent for use of questionnaire data was obtained from all patients upon registration. Additional informed consent to use their 4-digit postal codes was obtained either during the follow-up yearly questionnaires or as part of the EGAL data collection procedures.
