Scheske, Maxie
Hampton, Sarah
Cooper, Kate https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8216-5567
Zahir, Reesha
Midouhas, Emily
Flouri, Eirini
Saunders, Rob
Mandy, Will
Funding for this research was provided by:
Economic and Social Research Council (ES/X014207/1)
Article History
Received: 17 October 2025
Accepted: 8 June 2026
First Online: 1 July 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Written consent from parents was obtained at each timepoint within the Millenium Cohort Study.
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval for the Millenium Cohort Study was granted by the UK National Health Service Research Ethics Committee ahead of each new timepoint of data collection. Further approval for the present secondary data study was granted under application 19439/001 by the UCL Research Ethics Commitee.