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Authors
Elgamri, Alya
Wasfi, Reham
Ahram, Mamoun
Mohammed, Zeinab
El-Rhazi, Karima
Abdelhafiz, Ahmed Samir
Silverman, Henry https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3320-4328
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fogarty International Center (R25TW007090)
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Article History
Received: 31 October 2024
Accepted: 10 September 2025
First Online: 24 October 2025
Declarations
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: Approval of the study was obtained from the following institutional review boards of the following countries: Egypt (the University of Beni Suef, Jordan (Jordan University Hospital, Ref https://doi.org/10/2021/428); Jordan (Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, https://doi.org/10/2021/428, January 1, 2021); Morocco (Avis Du Comite D’Ethique Hospital-Universitaire D’Ethiquesc sous le N° 33/20) and FMBSUREC/07022021/Mohammed 2); Sudan (Ministry of Health - Khartoum State No: KMOH-REC-03.45.5) and the University of Maryland School of Medicine - HP-00094497.
: The authors report there are no competing financial or material interests to declare.
: After accessing the link to the survey, an information page was available that provided the purpose of the research study, the risks and benefits, methods to protect privacy, the existence of ethical approval, voluntary participation in the study, the anonymity of the responses, and contact information of the participating researchers. Subsequently, participants were given two options: “Agree” or “I do not agree.” Choosing “Agree” indicated that participants provided their informed consent.
