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Article History

Received: 29 January 2026

Accepted: 2 April 2026

First Online: 15 April 2026

Declarations

:

: In line with the Integrated GenAI Usage Taxonomy proposed in this manuscript, the authors’ use of GenAI corresponds to Levels 2 and 3. During the preparation of this manuscript, the authors used ChatGPT (GPT–5.2 model) and Google Gemini (Gemini 3 Pro model) to support pre-writing activities (brainstorming, conceptual clarification, and outlining) and language editing (including proofreading for clarity, readability, and fluency). The authors reviewed, edited, and validated all content and accept full responsibility for the accuracy, originality, and integrity of the final publication.

: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article.