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Authors
Abdelkarim, Omnia H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9149-1209
Verhagen, Rene A.
Wijffels, Rene H. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-4295
Barbosa, Maria J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8246-0777
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Egypt (A full scholarship (2020/2021))
The Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Egypt (A full scholarship (2020/2021))
The Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Egypt (A full scholarship (2020/2021))
The Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Egypt (A full scholarship (2020/2021))
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Article History
Received: 15 March 2025
Revised: 14 May 2025
Accepted: 27 May 2025
First Online: 8 July 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that this research was conducted without any conflict of interest.
: AI assistance (ChatGPT by OpenAI) was used to improve the clarity, grammar, and phrasing of the manuscript text. All experimental design, data collection, analysis, and interpretation were conducted independently by the authors without the use of AI tools.
