Article History
Received: 25 March 2025
Accepted: 17 June 2025
First Online: 19 July 2025
Declarations
:
: This retrospective study involving human subjects was performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board (WCG IRB, Princeton, NJ; #1-1818243-1).
: JKA has research funding from Celldex Therapeutics and is a consultant for NEXT Life Sciences. CMJ and PJT are employees of The Turek Clinic and CMJ has no financial conflicts of interest. PJT owns stock in AlphaSperm, Inc and is on the medical advisory board of GiveLegacy Inc, Contraline Inc, Future Family Inc, Doximity Inc, Arex Bioscience Inc, and Inherent Bioscience Inc.