Zheng, Ye
Liu, Wenyu
Su, Min
Zhu, Shiheng
Li, Xiufang
Xie, Hongqiang
Lyu, Chunzi
Zhou, Wei
Ni, Tianxiang
Zhang, Qian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9846-0248
Gao, Yuan
Yan, Junhao
Funding for this research was provided by:
Key Technologies Research and Development Program of Anhui Province (2024YFC2706700)
General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (82471701, 82471702)
Taishan Scholars Program for Young Experts of Shandong Province (tsqn202312388)
General Program of Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (ZR2023MH171, ZR2022MH087)
Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (82401965)
Article History
Received: 22 May 2025
Accepted: 25 August 2025
First Online: 15 September 2025
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: This retrospective cohort study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University (ethical approval number: 2021–140). The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guideline was followed.
: The authors declare no competing interests.