Funding for this research was provided by:
Shandong Medical and Health Science and Technology Project (202405030879)
Article History
Received: 29 July 2025
Accepted: 16 October 2025
First Online: 11 November 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was reviewed and approved by the Reproductive Medicine Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Reproductive Hospital of Shandong University (Approval No.: 2025-Ethics-112).
: The authors declare no competing interests.