Torres-Rodríguez, Paulina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9271-2205
Carrasquel-Martínez, Gabriela https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5868-1541
Volante, Arturo Matamoros https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1750-3942
Aragón-Martínez, Andrés https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2352-2197
Flores, Diana Lisbeth https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0844-2582
Maldonado, Israel
Treviño, Claudia L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7281-0534
Funding for this research was provided by:
Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IN207122)
Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IN215425)
Centro de Innovación Tecnológica y Medicina Reproductiva
Article History
Received: 18 July 2025
Accepted: 21 October 2025
First Online: 4 November 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was conducted using human sperm samples obtained from patients who attended the assisted reproduction clinic for in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatments between January 2023 and March 2025. The study protocol was approved by an Internal Review Board, with the number CE-23–103 and Registration number NCT06545318, ensuring compliance with ethical standards for human research. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants for the use of residual samples in the fertility clinic (CITMER).
: The authors declare no competing interests.