Carrasquel-Martínez, Gabriela https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5868-1541
Torres-Rodríguez, Paulina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9271-2205
Matamoros-Volante, Arturo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1750-3942
Flores, Diana Lisbeth https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0844-2582
Figueroa-Méndez, María Guadalupe
Rosas, Israel Maldonado
Aragón-Martínez, Andrés https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2352-2197
Treviño, Claudia L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7281-0534
Funding for this research was provided by:
Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IN207122)
Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IN215425)
Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IN224925)
Centro de Innovación Tecnológica y Medicina Reproductiva
Article History
Received: 17 July 2025
Accepted: 22 January 2026
First Online: 16 February 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was conducted using human sperm samples obtained from patients (age 38.9 ± 5.2 years old) undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) between March 2022 and July 2023. The study protocol was approved by an Internal Review Board, with the number CE-23–103 and Registration number NCT06545318, ensuring compliance with ethical standards for human research. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants for the use of residual samples in the fertility clinic.
: The authors declare no competing interests.