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Authors
Lee, Jaewon
Park, Hyo-Jin
Yang, Seul-Gi
Kim, Kwang-Yong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (26ZD1140)
Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (26ZD1170)
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Article History
Received: 16 September 2025
Accepted: 14 February 2026
First Online: 21 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Daegu University (IRB No. 1040621–202505-HR-032), and the requirement for informed consent was waived. Data anonymization, ensuring irreversibility, was reviewed and approved by the Data Review Board (DRB Nos. 202408-A-01 to 202408-A-08). Prior to data provision, all personally identifiable information was systematically removed, and the fully de-identified records were then managed in accordance with the institution’s internal procedures for research use.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
