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Authors
Afzal, Faiza https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9628-8832
Wong, Ling Yin Fritz https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8369-3209
Purkayastha, Mitana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1870-8838
Lu, Yan https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5665-6306
Rees, Philippa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1074-5837
Richard, Melissa A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0129-9860
Williams, Carrie L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2705-7712
Lupo, Philip J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0978-5863
Luke, Barbara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0405-8133
Eisenberg, Michael L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5482-0141
Pacey, Allan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4387-8871
Sutcliffe, Alastair G. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8542-6155
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wellcome Trust (2266971)
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Article History
Received: 13 December 2025
Accepted: 18 February 2026
First Online: 27 February 2026
Declarations
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: The questionnaire and methodology for this study were approved by the University College London Research Ethics Committee (22/LO/0536).
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: A.P. is a member of the Cryos International External Scientific Advisory Committee, he also undertakes consultancy for Carrot Fertility, and in the last two years has delivered educational lectures for IBSA Institut Biochemique SA, and Mealis Group but all monies were paid to the University of Manchester. He is also the co-chair of the UKNEQAS Reproductive Sciences Advisory Committee, is a member of the Advisory Boards for the Progress Educational Trust (Charity Number 1139856) and the Science Media Centre (Charity Number 1140827) and Patron of the Fertility Alliance (Charity Number 1206323 (all unpaid). He is a member of the Guidelines Development Groups for the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, and the World Health Organisation (again all unpaid). Other authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
