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Authors
Wang, Xin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9001-2192
Liu, Chang https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4918-762X
Pedrycz, Witold https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9335-9930
Shang, Wenhui https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3252-1883
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Basic Scientific Research Project of the Educational Department of Liaoning Province (LJ212510151022)
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Article History
Received: 27 August 2025
Accepted: 26 December 2025
First Online: 12 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
