Affandi, Syafizah Afidah
Alias, Nurul Ezaila
Hamzah, Afiq
Tan, Michael Loong Peng
Abd Hamid, Fatimah Khairiah
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Article History
Received: 30 December 2025
Accepted: 13 May 2026
First Online: 21 May 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
: Not applicable
: Not applicable