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Authors
Czaderny, Krzysztof https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0767-1304
Soosalu, Joosu https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2862-876X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Narodowe Centrum Nauki (2023/48/C/HS6/00040)
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Article History
Received: 16 October 2024
Accepted: 24 August 2025
First Online: 3 October 2025
Declarations
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: The survey was conducted by Statistics Poland in line with the Regulation of the Council of Ministers of 14 September 2018 on the Programme of Statistical Surveys for 2019 ( ), and with Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/255 ( ). Ethical approval was not required for this study as the microdata provided by Statistics Poland were anonymised and only aggregated results are reported.
: Informed consent was obtained verbally by Statistics Poland before participation.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
