Funding for this research was provided by:
Deutsches Jugendinstitut e.V.
Article History
Received: 12 August 2022
Accepted: 3 November 2025
First Online: 13 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The study was approved by the German Psychological Society (approval ID BovenschenIna2019-12-20VA).
: Written consent was obtained from participating adoptiv parents at Wave 1.
: The authors declare no competing interests.