Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Cota, Claudia I. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9832-9263
Shulman, Elizabeth P.
Cavanagh, Caitlin
Thomas, April G.
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (2028534/2028576, 1953372, 1826585/1826773)
American Psychological Foundation (American Psychological Foundation)
Center for Law and Border Studies (Center for Law and Border Studies)
The University of Texas at El Paso (The University of Texas at El Paso)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 27 January 2025
Accepted: 20 November 2025
First Online: 10 December 2025
Declarations
: This study was funded by the National Science Foundation (Grants: 2028534/2028576, 1953372, 1826585/1826773), the American Psychological Foundation, the Center for Law and Border Studies, and The University of Texas at El Paso. We have no known conflicts of interest to disclose. This study was approved by The University of Texas at El Paso Institutional Review Board. All procedures were performed per the ethical standards of the institutional committee and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Parental permission, adult consent, and youth assent were obtained during enrollment in the ASDS and COVID-19 studies. The authors thank ASDS participants, research assistants, and the El Paso JPD for contributing to the study. Data supporting findings are available online: . All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, introduction, and methods were written by Claudia Cota. Analysis and results were performed by Elizabeth Shulman, and the discussion was written by April Thomas. Reviewing and editing were done by Caitlin Cavanagh. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript and read and approved the final manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests that are relevant to the content of this article.
