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Article History

Received: 27 April 2026

Accepted: 18 August 2026

First Online: 27 August 2026

Declarations

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical approval: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC), as established by the International Labour Organization’s Convention No. 169. In the context of Mato Grosso do Sul, marked by ongoing land disputes, territorial insecurity, and violence affecting Indigenous peoples, formal submission to national human-research ethics committees may expose participants and communities to additional risk, particularly in matters involving territorial conflict and culturally sensitive knowledge. To safeguard community autonomy and security, the research design, methods, and intended outputs were discussed and collectively approved in meetings with local leaders and the Aty Guasu (Kaiowá and Guarani Great Assembly), the legitimate political authority of the people. Participation was entirely voluntary, and all knowledge was shared with explicit consent, following culturally appropriate protocols. The study forms part of the doctoral thesis As abelhas e os povos Kaiowá e Guarani: sistemas de conhecimento indígena na perspectiva da etnoconservação, developed in the Graduate Program in Entomology and Biodiversity Conservation (PPGECB) at the Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD). The project also received institutional approval through Faculty Resolution No. 139, of 24 June 2022. In accordance with community wishes and risk-prevention considerations, certain sensitive details have been withheld to avoid potential harm.