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Authors
Xiao, Xiaofeng
Alharbi, Khawlah
Zhang, Pengyu
Qin, Hantang
Yue, Xubo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9929-8895
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Northeastern University USA
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Article History
Received: 17 April 2025
Accepted: 17 July 2025
First Online: 2 August 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no Conflict of interest, financial or otherwise, related to this work.
: This research did not involve human participants or animals, and thus no informed consent or ethical approval was required. All procedures and data collection complied with relevant ethical standards, and the study was conducted in accordance with institutional and national guidelines.
