Funding for this research was provided by:
Hebei Natural Science Foundation (E2024203125)
Hebei Natural Science Foundation (E2025203235)
Hebei Province Digital Industry Innovation and Development Special Project (252F0303D)
Hebei Province Innovation Application Scenario Special Project (252Q0303D)
Tangshan Science and Technology Plan Project, Hebei Province (24140203C)
Tangshan Science and Technology Plan Project, Hebei Province (25160201A)
Article History
Received: 25 May 2025
Accepted: 13 October 2025
First Online: 11 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.