Funding for this research was provided by:
Mälardalen University
Article History
Received: 4 July 2025
Accepted: 17 November 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that there are no conflict of interest.
: This research was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing and the institutional guidelines of Ericsson AB. The study did not involve human participants, animals, or personal data, and therefore did not require approval by an ethics committee or institutional review board.