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Article History

Received: 28 May 2025

Accepted: 8 December 2025

First Online: 22 December 2025

Declarations

:

: All participants provided written informed consent for the publication of the data collected during the study. Participants were informed that their personal information would remain confidential, and any identifying details would be anonymized in any published materials. They were made aware that the results of this research may be published in scientific journals, conference proceedings, or other public formats, and they agreed to the publication of such data.

: This is to certify that, to the best knowledge of authors’ knowledge; the content of this manuscript is original. This article has not been submitted elsewhere or published anywhere. The authors confirm that the intellectual content of this paper is the original product of our work and all aid or funds from other sources have been acknowledged.

: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests.

: This study was conducted in accordance with ethical standards and guidelines set by research ethics committee (REC) review. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institute of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, approval number 001010, on 01-Oct-2024. All participants involved in this study were informed about the research objectives and provided written informed consent prior to participation. Confidentiality and anonymity of the participants and data were maintained throughout the research process. No animals were used in this study, and the research followed all applicable guidelines for the ethical treatment of human subjects, where relevant. Data usage should not cause harm to individuals or communities. Clear and open communication regarding data collection, storage, and usage practices is essential to establish trust and accountability.

: All participants in this study were fully informed about the purpose, procedures, and potential risks of the research. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant prior to their involvement. Participation in the study was voluntary, and participants were free to withdraw at any time without any consequences. Confidentiality and privacy of the participants were strictly maintained, and all personal data was anonymized to protect their identity.